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咪草煙
來源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

中文名稱:咪草煙,化學(xué)名:2-[4,5-二氫-4-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-5-氧代-1H-咪唑2-基]-5-乙基-3-吡啶羧酸。在酸性及中性條件下穩(wěn)定,遇強(qiáng)堿分解。

理化性質(zhì)

熔 點(diǎn):169℃-173℃

蒸氣壓:0.013mpa(60℃)

溶解度(g/L,25℃): 水1.4;丙48.2;三氯甲烷185;甲苯5;2-丙醇17;甲醇105

Kow logP = 1.04 (pH 5), 1.49 (pH 7), 1.20 (pH 9) (all 25 oC)

穩(wěn)定性:在酸性及中性條件下穩(wěn)定,遇強(qiáng)堿分解。

產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn):

原藥質(zhì)量指標(biāo)

項(xiàng)目 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值

外觀 淡黃色至白色結(jié)晶固體,無可見外來雜質(zhì)

含量 ≥98.0%

PH 3.0-5.0

加熱減量 ≤1.0%

固體不溶物 ≤1.0%

用途:用于豆科作物防除禾本科雜草闊葉雜草.

毒性:低毒,大鼠急性經(jīng)口LD50>5 000mg/kg。

[COMMERCIALISATION]

History: 除草劑 reported by T. Malefyt et al. (Abstr. 1984, Weed Sci. Soc. Mtg., Miami, p. 18, Abstract 49). Introduced by American Cyanamid Co (now 巴斯夫 AG).

[APPLICATIONS ]

生物化學(xué) Branched chain amino acid synthesis (ALS or AHAS) inhibitor. Hence reduces levels of valine, leucine and isoleucine, leading to disruption of protein and 脫氧核糖核酸 synthesis. Selectivity in soya benas and peanuts is attributed to rapid detoxification via 羥基化 and glycosylation (B. Tecle et al., Proc. 1997 Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Weeds, 2, 605). 調(diào)式 of Action Systemic 除草劑, absorbed by the roots and foliage, with translocation in the xylem and 韌皮部, and accumulation in the meristematic regions. Uses 監(jiān)察 of many major annual and perennial grass and broad-leaved weeds in soya beans and other leguminous crops. Applied pre-plant Inc., pre-emergence, or post-emergence. Phytoxicity Non-phytotoxic to soya beans and other leguminous crops, when used as directed. Formulation types sl Selected tradenames: 'Hammer' (BASF); 'Overtop' (BASF, du Pont); 'Pivot' (BASF); 'Pursuit DG' (BASF); 'Pursuit' (BASF)

[OTHER TRADENAMES ]

'Wayup' (巴斯夫); 'Vezir' (Herbitécnica); 'Vrilec' (Ipesa)

[MAMMALIAN 毒理學(xué) ]

Oral: Acute oral LD50 for male and female rats, and female mice >5000 mg/千克 Skin and eye: Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >2000 mg/kg; mild skin and reversible eye irritant.

Inhalation: LC50 for 家鼠屬 3.27 mg/l air (analytical), 4.21 mg/l (gravimetric).

NOEL (2 y): for rats >10 000 mg/kg diet; (1 y) for dogs >10 000 mg/kg diet (highest dose tested).

WHO hazard class: III (Table 5)

Other: Non-mutagenic in the Ames test.

毒性 class: III

[ECOTOXICOLOGY ]

巴爾的摩金鶯隊(duì): Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail and 野鴨 ducks >2150 mg/千克

Fish: LC50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish 420, rainbow trout 340, channel catfish 240 mg/l.

Daphnia: LC50 (48 h) <1000 mg/l.

Algae: NOEL for Selenastrum capricornutum 50 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. I50 for Lemna gibba 4.38 mg/l.

Bees: Topical LD50 for Honey bees >0.1 mg/bee.

Worms: I50 >10 000 mg/千克

[ENVIRONMENTAL FATE ]

Animals: In rats, following oral administration, 92% was excreted in the urine and 5% in the faeces within 24 hours. Residue levels in blood, liver, kidney, muscle, and fat tissues were <0.01 ppm after 48 hours.

Plants: Rapidly metabolised in non-susceptible plants; half-life in soya beans 1.6 days. The primary metabolic route in maize is oxidative hydroxylation at the a- 原子 of the ethyl substituent on the 吡啶 圓環(huán)

Soil/Environment: Half-life in soil 1-3 months.

用途

咪唑啉酮類除草劑,是側(cè)鏈氨基酸合成抑制劑,芽前或芽后施用。對(duì)大豆田和其他豆科田的禾本科雜草和某些闊葉雜草有優(yōu)異的防效,如老鴉谷、蓼、、龍葵蒼耳、草、狗尾草馬唐、黍等。可制成水劑。施藥方法:苗期(大豆真葉期至2片復(fù)葉期、雜草1~4葉期),每公頃1000~2000ml5%水劑,對(duì)水450~600kg均勻噴霧。插后苗期(土壤情好時(shí)),每公頃1500~2250ml5%水劑,對(duì)水450~600kg均勻噴霧。注意事項(xiàng):施藥均勻、周到,避免重復(fù)施藥,一年內(nèi)僅可施藥一次;避免飛機(jī)高空施藥;施藥時(shí)切不可漂移至敏感作物上;敏感作物有甜菜、白菜、油菜、西瓜、黃瓜、馬鈴薯、茄子、辣椒、番茄、高粱等,上述作物在第二年內(nèi)不能種植,甜菜三年內(nèi)不能種植;本制劑適于東北地區(qū)大豆產(chǎn)區(qū),未應(yīng)用過的地區(qū)應(yīng)在農(nóng)技部門指導(dǎo)下試驗(yàn)后推廣。

制備或來源

雙乙烯酮二氯甲烷中用處理,得氯代乙乙酸乙,該化合物與二氯在三氯甲烷中,于室溫下反應(yīng)10小時(shí),得2,4-二氯代乙酰乙酸乙酯,再與2-乙基丙烯醛氨基磺酸銨乙醇中回流1.5小時(shí),制得2-氯甲基-5-乙基煙酸乙酯,后者與2-氨基2,3-二甲基丁酰胺碳酸氫鈉二甲基亞砜中,于80℃下反應(yīng)16小時(shí),得到的縮合物再水解,然后在冰醋中環(huán)合即得咪草煙。

備注:勿在未襯里的不銹鋼或鋁容器中貯存或混合,有腐蝕性;不能與強(qiáng)氧化劑混合。避免藥物接觸皮膚、眼睛或玷污衣物;避免吸入液霧。藥劑一旦接觸皮膚、眼睛應(yīng)用大量清水沖洗;不慎誤服時(shí),勿催吐應(yīng)立即送醫(yī)院診治。

生態(tài)毒理學(xué)

鳥類:急性經(jīng)口LD50,鵪鶉和綠頭鴨2150毫克/千克

魚類:半致死濃度( 96小時(shí))為420毫克/升,虹鱒340毫克/升,鲇形目240毫克/升

蚤:半致死濃度( 48小時(shí)) 1000毫克/升

海藻:月牙藻50毫克/升,其他水生草浮萍為4.38毫克/升

蜜蜂屬:局部蜜蜂的LD50為0.1毫克/升。

蟲類: 150~10 000毫克/升。

環(huán)境轉(zhuǎn)移

動(dòng)物:在大鼠口服后92 %從尿液排出,5 %從糞便排出,24小時(shí)內(nèi),血液,肝臟,腎臟,肌肉,脂肪組織的殘留水平較多。

植物:快速新陳代謝的非敏感植物;半衰期大豆一點(diǎn)六天,主要代謝途徑是在玉米氧化羥化在一個(gè)乙基取代的吡環(huán)。

土壤/環(huán)境:半衰期在土壤中1-3個(gè)月。

包裝及貯運(yùn)

本品在貯存、運(yùn)輸和施藥過程中切勿污染食物和飼料。

參考資料 >

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