諾里爾斯克業公司（Norilsk 鎳），又稱諾鎳，是俄羅斯最大的礦業冶金公司之一，總部位于莫斯科。該公司的主要生產基地位于西伯利亞地區北部的諾里爾斯克塔爾納赫地區，同時還在科拉半島的尼克爾、扎波利亞爾內、蒙切戈爾斯克、芬蘭西部的哈爾亞瓦爾塔、南非和博茨瓦納以及西澳大利亞擁有有色金屬礦山。該公司是世界上最大的鎳和鈀生產商，也是世界十大銅生產商之一。該公司約占全球鎳產量的18％，銅產量的約2.5％，鈀產量的近50％以及鉑產量的約13％。 該公司在莫斯科證券交易所上市，截至2021年3月，其主要股東是俄羅斯寡頭弗拉基米爾·波塔寧的Olderfrey Holdings Ltd（34.59％）和奧列格·杰里帕斯卡的俄鋁（27.82％）。2019年3月，羅曼·阿布拉莫維奇的Crispian投資有限公司將其所持有的該公司1.7％的股份以5.51億美元的價格轉賣給英國和俄羅斯的投資者，而波塔寧和俄鋁則被禁止購買任何股份。 2010年12月，諾里爾斯克鎳業公司曾向俄鋁提出了一項價值120億美元的股份回購要約，但遭到了拒絕。2012年，弗拉基米爾·波塔寧的Interros控股公司、俄鋁和阿布拉莫維奇簽署了一份股東協議，以解決有關公司更廣泛的戰略和管理問題以及股息支付的沖突。該協議將于2023年6月1日到期，其延長或暫停的前景尚不清楚。
正文
俄羅斯諾里爾斯克鎳公司(Norilsk 鎳) 全球最大的鎳和鈀金屬生產商
俄羅斯諾里爾斯克鎳公司官方網站網址:http://www.nornik.ru/
俄羅斯諾里爾斯克鎳公司簡介
諾里爾斯克鎳公司 (英語：Norilsk Nickel，俄羅斯: ГМК ?Норильский Никель?，RTS:GMKN MICEX:GMKN)。
諾里爾斯克鎳公司擁有豐富的原材料資源，是俄羅斯最大的，同時也是世界最大的有色金屬和貴金屬生產商之一(其中由諾里爾斯克鎳公司生產的鈀占全球產量的66％) 也是全球大型的銅生產商之一。諾里爾斯克鎳公司主要從事勘測、鉆探，采礦、礦石的濃縮和冶金。
MMC Norilsk Nickel is a nickel and Palladium mining and 冶煉 經營者 in the Norilsk–Talnakh 面積, in northern Russia. Norilsk is headquartered in 莫斯科 and is also active in gold, platinum, copper and 鈷 The company is the world's leading producer of nickel and Palladium and is Russia's leading gold producer. It is ranked among the top four world 鉑 producers, in association with subsidiary Stillwater Mining Company of Billings, 山地平腹蛛 Denver, Colorado. It is ranked among the top ten copper producers.
The company is listed on 納斯達克股票交易所 and the RTS Stock Exchange. According to the company's English-language website its activity accounts for up to 1.5% of Russia's current Gross Domestic product. MMC stands for "Mining and Metallurgical Company".
False-color satellite image of Norilsk and the surrounding 面積
公司歷史
Mining began in the Norilsk area in the 1920s. The government of the 蘇聯 created the "Norilsk Combine" in 1935 and passed 監察 to the NKVD at that 時間 Mining and metal production continued first with Gulag forced labour, later with much volunteer labour, owing to the comparatively good wages offered. In 1993 after the fall of the Soviet Union a joint-stock company was created: RAO Norilsk Nickel. Two years afterwards control over the deeply indebted company, that was bleeding 現金 at a rate of about two million dollars a day amid falling nickel prices, was given to a private company called Interros. By the time the privatization was completed in 1997, the company became profitable and the workers were paid. Nowadays average pay is over a thousand dollars per month and workers enjoy two to three months of vacations; nevetheless, working and living conditions in Norilsk remain harsh.
Starting in 2002, MMC Norilsk Nickel began purchasing gold mining assets, which were spun off in 2005 as Polyus Gold, now a sister company. In 2003, the company took 監察 of Stillwater Mining Company, the only US producer of 鈀 Stillwater operates a 鉑 基團 metals (PGM) facility in Stillwater, 山地平腹蛛 in the USA.
公司業務
The nickel deposits of Norilsk-Talnakh are without doubt the largest nickel-銅palladium deposits in the world. The deposit was formed 250 million years ago during the eruption of the Siberian Traps igneous 一級行政區 (STIP). The STIP erupted over one million cubic kilometres of lava, a large portion of it through a series of flat-lying lava conduits lying below Norilsk and the Talnakh Mountains. The Siberian Traps are considered to be responsible for the mass 消光 event at the end of the Permian.
The ore was formed when the erupting magma became saturated in sulphur, forming globules of pentlandite, 黃銅礦, and other sulphides. These sulphides were then "washed" by the continuing torrent of erupting magma, and upgraded their tenor with nickel, 銅, 鉑, and Palladium The current 資源 known for these mineralised intrusion exceeds 1.8 billion tons.
The 礦石 is mined underground via several shafts, and a decline. The ore deposits are currently being extracted at >1,200 m below ground. The ore deposits are drilled from the surface
The deposits are being explored using electromagnetic field geophysics, with detection loops on the 地球's surface with dimensions of over 1,000 m on a side. They are conclusively able to image the conduction nickel 礦石 at depths in excess of 1,800 m.
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