巴比倫尼亞(Babylonia)亞洲西南部幼發(fā)拉底河谷的古代文化地區(qū)。這一地區(qū)原來分成兩個部分,一是東南部的蘇美爾,一是西北部的阿卡德帝國,西元前2000年以后首次被阿莫里特人征服,由于漢穆拉比(約公元前1790-1750年在位),巴比倫尼亞成為一個強盛的帝國。
簡介
亞洲西南部幼發(fā)拉底河谷的古代文化地區(qū)。這一地區(qū)原來分成兩個部分,一是東南部的蘇美爾,一是西北部的阿卡德,西元前2000年以后首次被阿莫里特人征服,由于漢穆拉比,巴比倫尼亞成為一個強盛的帝國。但他死后,帝國也隨之衰落。來自東部山區(qū)的喀西特人掌握政權,建立一個延續(xù)四百年的王朝。埃蘭征服巴比倫尼亞(約西元前1157年)后,隨著一連串戰(zhàn)爭后建立了新的王朝,其中最杰出的國王是尼布甲尼撒一世(Nebuchadnezzar I,約西元前1124~西元前1103年在位)。在他之后發(fā)生了亞述、阿拉米(參閱Aramaeans)和加爾底亞為爭奪巴比倫尼亞展開一場三角斗爭。從西元前9世紀起到西元前7世紀下半葉亞述帝國滅亡止,統(tǒng)治巴比倫尼亞的多半為亞述國王。西元前7世紀至西元前6世紀時,加爾底亞人尼布甲尼撒二世(約公元前605-562年在位)創(chuàng)造了巴比倫尼亞最輝煌也是最后一個鼎盛的時期,他征服了敘利亞和巴勒斯坦,還重建首都巴比倫。西元前539年波斯居魯士大帝和西元前331年亞歷山大大帝先后占領巴比倫尼亞。這個地區(qū)后來逐漸被放棄。
英文介紹
Ancient country, Euphrates River valley, South Asia. The 面積 was divided into Sumer (in the southeast) and Akkad (northwest) when the first Babylonian line of Amorites took 功率 after 2000 BC, largely because of Hammurabi (c. 1790-1750). The empire declined after his 死亡; the Kassites from the east eventually assumed power (c. 1595) and established a dynasty that lasted 400 years. After Elam conquered Babylonia (c. 1157 BC), a series of wars established a new Babylonian dynasty whose outstanding member was Nebuchadnezzar I (r. 1124?-1103 BC). Following his rule, a three-way struggle developed among Assyria, Aram (see Aramaeans), and Chaldea. The Assyrians ruled the 面積 most frequently in the 9th-7th century BC. In the 7th-6th century BC the Chaldean Nebuchadnezzar II instituted the last and greatest period of Babylonian supremacy, conquering Syria and Palestine and rebuilding Babylon, the capital city. Conquered in 539 BC by the Persian Cyrus the Great, and in 331 BC by Alexander the Great, the 面積 was later gradually abandoned.
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