聰加語(yǔ)（聰加語(yǔ)：Xitsonga/英語(yǔ)：Tsonga）屬尼日爾-剛果語(yǔ)系大西洋剛果語(yǔ)族。聰加語(yǔ)是南非和津巴布韋官方語(yǔ)言之一。在莫桑比克、斯威士蘭、津巴布韋也有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的使用者。
語(yǔ)法
時(shí)態(tài)
聰加語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)基本上包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)等；
現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)是由人稱代詞和動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成的。
現(xiàn)在時(shí)例句：
Ndzi lava mali – I want money.
Hi tirha siku hinkwaro – We work all day.
Mi(u) lava mani? – Who are you looking for?
U kota ku famba – S/He knows how to walk.
而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，指示在目前的一個(gè)人正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)例句：
dzi nghena (e)ndlwini – I am entering the house.
Ha tirha sweswi – We are working right now.
Ma hemba – You(pl.) are lying.
Wa hemba – You(sing.) are lying.
Wa hemba – S/He is lying.
而過(guò)去時(shí)依照所參照的詞有3種不同的形式：
在過(guò)去時(shí)中，第一種情況，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾有-a，那么在句中，這個(gè)詞的字母a要去掉，并且接上-ile這個(gè)后綴，如：
Ndzi nghenile ndlwini – I entered the house.
Hi tirhile siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.
U hembile – You lied.
U hembile – S/He lied.
Va hembile – They lied.
過(guò)去時(shí)中，第二種情況，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾有-ala，在句中，這個(gè)詞的去掉-ala，改加--ele或 -ale.，如
ku rivala – to forget
Ndzi rivele – I Forgot, U rivele – you forgot, Va rivele – they forgot
Ku nyamalala – To disappear
U nyamalarile – S/he – disappeared
Words used to describe a state of being also use the past tense.
Ku karhala – To be tired.
Ndzi karhele – I am tired, U karhele – S/He is tired, Va karhele – They are tired.
第三種情況，把動(dòng)詞的-a改為-e即可，如：
Ku fika – To arrive
U fike tolo – S/He arrived yesterday
Ndzi fike tolo – I arrived yesterday.
Hi tirhe siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.
Ndzi nghene (e)ndlwini – I entered the house.
在將來(lái)時(shí)中，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)間加--ta即可，如：
Ndzi ta nghena (e)ndlwini – I will enter the house.
Hi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – We will work all day.
Va ta tirha siku hinkwaro – They will work all day.
Mi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – You(pl.) will work all day.
數(shù)詞
日常用語(yǔ)
參考資料 >