比較級就是將二者進行比較產生的詞形,是由形容詞或副詞原級轉化而來,一般是在原級后面加er,也有一些不規則的轉化,比如good—better,bad—worse,有很多。相對二者的比較,還有三者及以上的比較,這時就產生了最高級。在英語中通常用下列方式表示的詞:在形容詞或副詞前加more(如more natural,more clearly)或加后綴-er(newer,sooner)。典型的是指形容詞或副詞所表示的質、量或關系的增加。英語句子中,將比較兩個主體的方法叫做“比較句型”。其中,像“A比B更……”的表達方式稱為比較級。組成句子的方式是將形容詞或副詞變化成比較級的形態。
語法構成
語法應用
一般情況
1.表示"比...更"。用比較級形容詞+than+比較成分,than后主詞的述語動詞往往省略,非正式用法的than后的人稱代名詞可用賓格。
He is younger than me.
他比我年輕。
I am a better swimmer than he(him).
我游泳比他好。
2.表示"較...低;不及..."用less+原級形容詞+than+比較成分。
I am less young than he (is).
我不比他年輕。
3.表示兩者之中"較...",用the+比較級+of the two。
This one is the bigger of the two houses.
這所房子是兩座房子中較大的。
4.定冠詞或指示形容詞+比較級+名詞表示比較。
The taller boy is John.
那個身材較高的男孩子是約翰。
5.有少數以-ior結尾的形容詞(如inferior、superior等),需與介系詞to連用。
This method is superior to that one.
這種方法優于那種方法。
6.比較形容詞可以被副詞如a little(一點),much(得多),even(更加),still(更加),far(...的多)等修飾,但不可用very修飾。
翻譯:現在的生活簡單得多了。(誤)Life is very easier than it was twenty years ago.(正)Life is much easier than it was twenty years ago.
特殊情況
無比較級單詞
同樣,此類詞匯的另一個特點是:不能用表示程度的副詞如(very ,so)等等來修飾.
例如:very dead, so awake是錯誤的
基本句型
同級比較
降級比較
特殊句型
比較級表示最高級
英語中用比較級句型可以表最高級的含義,較為常見的有下列幾種形式:
1、直接使用比較級
① How beautiful she sings! I've never heard a better voice. = She has the best voice I've ever heard. ② I have never read a more interesting novel. = It is the most interesting novel I've ever read.
any other + n.(單)
2、比較級+ than + the other +n.(復)
any of the other + n.(復)
① She goes to school earlier than the other girls. ② He works harder than any other student.
③ China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
3、比較級 + than + anything/ anyone else ① George did more work than anyone else.
② Tom cared more for money than for anything else.
4、在比較句型中使用 "no", "nobody", "nothing" + better than… 等詞。 ① I like nothing better than swimming. ② Nobody can do the work better than he did. ③ No other building is as grand as the new hotel.
5、one of + the +adj.最高級 + n.(復) “最 ??的??之一” eg. Paper-making is one of the greatest inventions of ancient China.
6、the + 序數詞 + adj.最高級 + n.(單) + in短語“第幾(長、大、遠)??” eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
7、adj.最高級可用在選擇疑問句中,常用句型:Which/ Who … A, B or C? eg. Which city is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Chongqing?
8、當adj.最高級前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格修飾時,省掉最高級前的定冠詞the。
eg. Linda is my sister’s best friend.
注意事項
考題思路
關鍵詞答題
⒈ The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ______.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
【解析】答案選B。做此題的關鍵詞是new,即把“新來的學生”與“早些時候呆在這兒的學生”進行比較。全句意為:新來的這群學生比早些時候呆在這兒的那些學生表現得更好些。
⒉ —Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes,the job is ______ I could do myself.
A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
【解析】答案選B。做此題要抓的關鍵詞是yes,由于答話者對問話者的“你需要幫助嗎?”作了肯定回答,說明答話者獨自完成工作有困難,故填more than。
⒊ Of the two coats,I’d choose the ______ one to spare some money for a book.
A.most expensive B. cheaper C. more expensive D. cheapest
【解析】答案選B。關鍵詞是句中的two,因是兩者比較,可將答案鎖定在B和C之間;再根據句意,排除C。
通過分析隱含意思答題
⒈ There is an old proverb,“Love me,love my dog.”But there is ______ wisdom in this: “Love me,love my book.”
A. some B. much C. more D. most
【解析】答案選C。這道題出得非常巧妙,句中既沒有顯示比較級的關鍵詞,也沒有暗示用比較級的than。而是將“Love me,love my dog”與“Love me,love my book”兩句進行比較,要求考生根據這兩句話的內容確定哪句話更有wisdom。
⒉ With April 18’s railway speedup,highway and air transport will have to compete with ______ service for passengers.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
【解析】答案選B。句子大意為:由于鐵路提速了,所以公路和航空業要提高服務質量來競爭客源。因將“高速公路和航空”與“鐵路”比較,故用比較級。
⒊ The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ______ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.
A. good B. better C. best D. well
【解析】B。題目中將“放入冰箱中冷凍”與“不放入冰箱中冷凍”作比較,故用比較級。句意為:史密斯家人晚餐時上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷凍一下味道會更好些。
⒋ Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is probably his ______ one.
A. better-known B. best-known C. well-known D. most-known
【解析】B。因為是從他所寫的所有歌中選出一首來比較,故用最高級。
修飾關系答題
⒈ After two years’ research,we now have a ______ better understanding of the disease.
A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
【解析】B。這四個副詞中,通常只有far可用于修飾比較。注:quite有時也可用于修飾比較級better,但它只用于表示“身體康復”,不用于其他意義。
⒉ Work gets done ______ when people do it together,and the rewards are higher too.
A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier
【解析】C。根據題意可知,說話者是將 when people do it together 和 when people don’t do it together 這兩種情況比較,故選比較級。注意不要選 D,因為在此題是要用副詞修飾動詞,不能用形容詞。另外,根據句末的 higher too 也可知道此題是考查比較級。
重要考點
比較等級的基本用法
⒈ Of the two sisters,Betty is _________ one,and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (安徽卷)
A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest
【解析】答案選C。根據句中的of the two sisters可知,此題涉及的是兩者比較,故用比較級;另外,由于是特指兩者中的一個,故其前用定冠詞,不用不定冠詞。
⒉ Of the two coats,I’d choose the _________ one to spare some money for a book. (四川省卷)
A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
【解析】答案選B。故用比較級,可將答案鎖定在B和C之間;再根據句意,排除C。
⒊ Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is probably his _________ one. (全國卷Ⅱ)
A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known
【解析】答案選C。因為是從他所寫的所有歌中選出一首來比較,故用最高級。
在語境中比較等級的用法
⒈ I don’t think this 電影 is by far the most boring. I have seen _________. (江西省卷)
A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst
【解析】答案選B。既然前文說“這不是最最煩人的電影”,那么下文說的肯定就“還有更糟的”,故用worse。有意思的是,2006年的這道江西卷的考題與下面這道2004年的湖南省卷極為相似:
That doesn’t sound very frightening. Paul,I’ve seen _________. What did you like most about the 電影?(湖南卷)
A. better B. worse C. best D. worst
由前句“這聽起來并不十分令人恐懼”可知,說話人曾見過比這個更令人恐懼的事,所以用比較級worse。
⒊ There is an old proverb,“Love me,love my dog.”But there is _________ wisdom in this: “Love me,love my book.”(湖南省卷)
A. some B. much C. more D. most
【解析】答案選C。由于是將“Love me,love my dog”與“Love me,love my book”進行比較,故用比較級。此題的巧妙之處在于句中沒有出現than,而是給出兩個待比較的proverb。
⒋ With April 18’s railway speedup,highway and air transport will have to compete with _________ service for passengers. (江蘇省卷)
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
【解析】答案選B。句子大意為:由于鐵路提速了,所以公路和航空業要提高服務質量來競爭客源。因將“公路和航空”與“鐵路”比較,故用比較級。
“否定詞+a+比較級”結構
⒈ Your story is perfect. I’ve never heard _________ before.(全國卷Ⅲ)
A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one
【解析】答案選C。“否定詞(尤其是never)+a+比較級”的意思是“從來沒有……一個更……的”,這類結構通常可視為在其后省略了一個than…短語,做題時要注意根據具體的語境作出正確的理解,如:I have never read a better article. 我從未讀過(比這篇文章)更好的文章(=這是我所讀過的最好的文章)。I have never seen a worse 電影 我從沒看過(比這部電影)更糟的電影(=這是我所看過的最糟的電影)。本題中的I’ve never heard a better one before的意思是“我從未聽到過(比你這個故事)更好聽的故事”。
⒉ —Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Yes. I’ve never been to _________ one before.(四川省卷)
A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
【解析】答案選C。I’ve never been to a more exciting one before實為I’ve never been to a more exciting one before than this one.其意為“我從未參加過比這個晚會更令人興奮的晚會”,即“這是我參加過最令人興奮的晚會”。又如:I’ve never had a worse morning than today.我哪一天早上也不像今天早上這樣倒霉。若意思明確,有時可省略than結構:He is fine,never better.他很好,比以往任何時候都好。
注意:有時根據不同語法結構的需要,也可能沒有不定冠詞。如:
No news could be more delightful to me.這消息最令我高興。
I have never drunk better beer.我從來沒喝過這么好的啤酒。
比較等級的修飾語
After two years’ research,we now have a _________ better understanding of the disease.(全國卷Ⅱ)
A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
【解析】答案選B。這四個副詞中,通常只有far可用于修飾比較級。注:quite有時也可用于修飾比較級better,但它只用于表示“身體康復”,不用于其他意義。
相似比較級結構的區別
—Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes. The job is _________ I could do myself.(福建省卷)
A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
【解析】答案選B。比較:less than意為“少于”;more than意為“多于,超過”;no more than意為“只有,只是”;not more than意為“不多于,至多”。做好此題的關鍵是注意句中的Yes,由于答話者做了肯定回答,說明答話者工作有些力不從心,所以填more than。
近義比較的區別
This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses __ H?O and 電學 than __ models.(北京卷)
A. less; older B. less; elder C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder
【解析】答案選A。less為little的比較級,主要用于修飾不可數名詞,fewer為few的比較,主要用于修飾可數名詞,據此可排除C和D,因為fewer不能用于修飾water;older與elder的區別之一是前者既可用于修飾人,也可用于修飾事物,而后者只用于修飾人,不用于修飾事物,故只能選A。
as…as結構的用法及修飾語的位置
⒈It is reported that the United States uses _________ 能量 as the whole of Europe.(廣西壯族自治區卷)
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
【解析】答案選D。由energy后的as可知,此題是考查as…as…結構。根據英語語法習慣,修飾as…as…結構的副詞只能置于as…as…結構之前,不能置于其中。又如:Du Jiejie went out with a man TWICE as old as her.杜姐姐和一個年齡比她大一倍的男子來往。It cost three times as much as I had expected.它花的錢比我預期的多兩倍。
⒉He speaks English indeed,but of course not _________a native speaker.(上海卷)
A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
【解析】答案選C。因為修飾動詞speaks要用副詞,排除A和B;又因為than只能用于比較級后而不能位于原級后,排除D。句意是:他的英語講得的確不錯,不過,當然不如英語本族人講得流利。
參考資料 >